अक्टोबर 26, 2025

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जातिय छुवाछुत भनेको मानवताविरोधी  व्यक्तिमा भएको विकृत मानसिकताको उपज हो  ।  हिन्दु ग्रन्थअनुसार भागवत १८ को ४ मा भएको वर्ण व्यवस्थासंगै मर्यादा पुरूष श्री रामको पाला त्रेता युग देखि द्वापर हुदै कलि युगसम्म जातिय छुवाछुतको जराले खुट्टा घुमाइ रहेको छ । करोडौं मानिसले जातको नाममा पीडा पाइरहेका छन् ।
धार्मिक हिसाबले  ब्रम्हाको सिर्जना  मानव पुत्र मान्छे मनुले जातिय भेदभावको परम्परा लिखित रूपमा व्यवस्था गरे पश्चात  झनै उग्ररूपमा छुवाछुतको सामाजिक कुप्रथा सङ्गठित र व्यवस्थित  ढङ्गले  प्रचलनमा आएको देखिन्छ  ।  छुवाछुतको इतिहासलाई विस्तृत रूपमा खोतलेर हेर्ने हो भने वेद,पुराण,भागवत,रामायण,माहाभारतलगाएतका विश्व विख्यात पुस्तकहरूलाई आधार मान्ने हाे भने तत्कालिन सनातन वैदिक समाजलाई नियाल्नु पर्दछ । त्यसभित्र बकाइदा धार्मिक शास्त्रहरूले विभेदलाई मलजल  गरेको स्पष्ट तथ्य रहेको छ  ।

तत्कालीन समयमा व्यवस्था भनेको नै कानुन थियो ।  समाजलाई   अनुशासनमा बस्न मदत गरेको थियो ।  भागवत गीतमा उल्लेख गरेको  वर्ण व्यवस्थाको ब्राम्हणवादी भन्दा पनि अहिलेकाे बाहुनवादले चरम दुरुपयोग गरेकाे देखिन्छ । फलस्वरूप   त्रेतायुगमा विश्वकर्मा जातका ऋषिमुनिले तपस्या गर्दा अनिष्ट हुन थाल्यो भन्दै बध गरिनु,शुद्र जातको भएकै कारणले एकलब्यले दोर्णाचार्यबाट शिक्षादीक्षा प्राप्त गर्नबाट वञ्चित गरिनु लगाएतका केही प्रतिनिधि घटनाहरूले शुद्र अर्थात आजका दलित  जातकै कारणले धार्मिक,आर्थिक,सामाजिक सांसकृतिक,शैक्षिक रूपमा  हजारौ वर्षदेखि बहिस्कारकाे राजनीतिबाट प्रताडित रहे ।

नेपालको इतिहासलाई अध्ययन गर्ने हो भने जयस्थिति मल्लले  पेसाको आधारमा जातको व्यवस्था ,कामको बाँडफाँड गर्दा झनै व्यवस्थित र आधिकारिक हुँदै गयो । समयक्रमसँगै याे कुसंस्कारमा रुपान्तरण हुँदै जातीय भेदभाव (छुवाछुतको समस्या) बल्झिँदै गएको हो।
मल्ल  राजाले जातको राज्य व्यवस्थालाई सुरक्षित तथा थप सुनिश्चित गर्नका लागि विहारका ब्रहामणको सुझावमा काठमाण्डौ उपत्यकामा कुनियतका साथ षड्यन्त्रपूर्वक जातिय व्यवस्था लागु गरे। जातिय पेशागत व्यवस्थाको दुषप्रभाव हालसम्म उच्च अस्तित्वमा कायम नै छ। यस जघन्य अपराधिक व्यवस्थालाई गोर्खाका राजा राम शाहाले निकैनै कडाका साथ लागु गरे । जसकाे निरन्तरता पृथ्विनारायण शाह , भिमसेन थापा , जङ्गबहादुर राणाले दिएको पाइन्छ  ।

जङ्ग बहादुर राणाले त झनै मुलुकी ऐन १९१० मा छुवाछुतलाई कानुनी मान्यता दिन कठोरताका साथ देशभर लागु गर्न प्रसय दिए । त्यस पश्चात खिचातानि, काटमार, भ्रष्टाचार, मोजमस्ती एस आरामको बाटोबाट अघि बढेको नेपालको जाहानियाँ राणा शासन दिन दुःखी गरिबको रगतपसिनाबाट राज्य सञ्चालन भयो । पञ्चायतमा राजा महेन्द्रले मुलुकी ऐन २०२० लागु गरे , जसमा  लिखित रुपमा छुवाछुतको अन्त्य त भनियो तर कार्यन्वयन भएन र हालसम्म पनि जातीय छुवाछुतकाे अवस्था उस्तै रहेको छ ।

राजा माहाराजाहरुकाे  नातावाद, कृपावाद, चाप्लुसि र पुजीवादको आधारमा राजधानिबाट दुरदराजमा बस्ने सबै जातजातिहरूलाई जातिय तहगत संरचना अनुसार शोषण गरी निरङ्कुष सामन्ति ढङ्गले अघि बढे जसले गर्दा जातीय  छुवाछुतलाई त निकृष्ट मानविय संवेदनाहिन ढङ्गले सामाजिक संस्कृतिको रूपमा विकास  गर्दै मानव अधिकारको हनन् हुने गरी देशका लाखौंलाख दलितलाई  गरीबिको दलदलमा  राखिदिए ।

जातको व्यवस्थाकाे रजगजले जातलाई  पहिचानकाे मानक मानेको छ ।  संसार भरी सयौं  अनेक थरी जाति छरेर रहेका छन् । स्वतन्त्र अस्तित्वसहित सम्मान पूर्वक जीवनयापन गरिरहेकै  छन । हाम्रो समाज मात्र किनछुवाछुतको समस्या बाट ग्रसित छ ?


यदि  पेशाकै आधारमा जातजाति छुट्याउने हो भने हामी सबै नेपालीहरू सुद्र (दलित) वर्गमा गणना हुनु पर्ने किन भने जो सबै भन्दा तल्लो जाति हो उसले सबैभन्दा बढी  श्रम गर्छ भन्छन यदि त्यस्तो हो भने श्रमका लागि लाखौ नेपालीहरू खाडि तथा युरोपेली,अमेरिकी,अस्ट्रेलिया,अफ्रिकि मुलुक जाने गर्दछन। जहाँ घरघरका  चर्पि सफा गर्ने होस या मसाज गर्ने, होटेलमा वेटर ,भाडा माज्ने होस या चौकिदारी, भेडा बाख्राचराउने गोठाला हुन या निर्माणको काम गर्ने ज्यामी कोही कसैलाई केही भन्दैनन् ।
त्यहाँ जात छैन। भेदभाव छैन । छुवाछुत छैन। सबैले गर्ने  कामको उत्तिकै सम्मान तथा मान्यता छ।   सबै नेपाली एक जुट भएर आपसमा मिलेर बसेका हुन्छन। विडम्बना नेपालमा मात्रै जातीय छुवाछुत र भेदभाव छ । जात व्यवस्थाकै कारणले समग्र नेपाली समाज  अशिक्षा,गरिबी,भोकमरी,उत्पिडन आदिले   अस्वस्थ छ ।  अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा आफ्नो पहिचान लुकाउन विवश छ ।


अन्त्यमा , नेपाली समाजको रुपान्तरण गर्नुछ भने जात  व्यवस्था जस्तो मानवताविरोधी कथित व्यवस्थाकाे अन्त्य हुनुपर्छ । मानवले मानवलाई दुर्ववहार गर्ने व्यवस्था समाज विकासकाे घातक पक्ष हाे । समाज विभाजनको बीउ हाे । यसको अत्यन्तका निम्ति तमाम जनसमुदाय एकजु भइ जुनसुकै हालतमा हटाउनुपर्छ । त्यसपश्चात देशले आधुनिकता मार्ग स्वत : पछ्याउने छ ।

लेखक घतानी
नेकपा एमाले कोशी प्रदेश कमिटी सदस्य
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